TROUBLESHOOTING: Boot Fall Into BusyBox (initramfs)

May 14, 2003April 5, 2023 Linux Audio Team

# after downloading and install (clone) the image disk onto your hard drive (/dev/sda),
# falling into BusyBox (initramfs) during boot is easy to fix
# boot using gparted live and open terminal with sudo permission

# create mount directory

```
root@debian:~# mkdir /mnt/temp
```

# sudo fdsik -l /dev/sda may help your to identify root and boot partition
# mount root partition

root@debian:~# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/temp

# mount boot partition

root@debian:~# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/temp/boot

# bind all others

root@debian:~# mount --bind /dev /mnt/temp/dev

root@debian:~# mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/temp/dev/pts

root@debian:~# mount --bind /proc /mnt/temp/proc

root@debian:~# mount --bind /sys /mnt/temp/sys

# chroot mounted partition

```
root@debian:~# chroot /mnt/temp
```

# update initramfs

```
root@debian:/# update-initramfs -u
```

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.1.0-7-amd64
W: No zstd in /usr/bin:/sbin:/bin, using gzip

# update grub

```
root@debian:/# update-grub
```

Generating grub configuration file ...
Found background image: mdl_splash.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.1.0-7-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.1.0-7-amd64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.1.0-3-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.1.0-3-amd64
Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration.
Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry.
done

```
root@debian:/# exit
```

```
root@debian:/# sudo reboot
```

# optional: as soon as you boot normally repeat the last 2 commands to update initramfs and grub

# also, if cannot boot, use the gparted live option to boot local system and reinstall grub

root@debian:/# sudo grub-install /dev/sda

# that’s it!

TROUBLESHOOTING: Static IP

May 14, 2003March 9, 2023 Linux Audio Team

# TS7

# Static IP not working
# assign IP to eth0 interface

# configure a static IP address by adding the following to /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

```
$  ip link show
```

# ON RASPBERRY PI

1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

3: wlan0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

# eth0 is your default interface (Ethernet connection), do not use wifi for your audio server

# ON AMD64 PC

1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

2: enp3s0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

3: wlp2s0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

# enp3s0 is your default interface (Ethernet connection), do not use wifi for your audio server

# type:

```
$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
```

# add those lines at end:

```
auto lo eth0
```
```
iface lo inet loopback
```
```
 
```
```
iface eth0 inet static
```
```
    address 192.168.x.x
```
```
    netmask 255.255.255.0
```
```
    network 192.168.x.x
```
```
    gateway 192.168.x.x
```

# CTRL+O to save
# CTRL+X to exit

```
$ sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
```

# add one or 2 lines (change IP to your DNS address or your router)

```
nameserver 192.168.x.x
```
```
nameserver x.x.x.x
```

# CTRL+O to save
# CTRL+X to exit

```
$ sudo reboot
```

# OPTIONAL AND NOT RECOMMENDED
# stop dhcpcd service when the static ip is valid and reachable only

```
$ sudo systemctl stop dhcpcd
```

# restart network

```
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
```

# get the status (you may lose your ssh session see below)

```
$ sudo systemctl status networking
```

# if everything okay reboot your system

```
$ sudo reboot
```

# or type this cmd below with interface name (eth0 or enp3s0 ) and reboot manually

```
$ sudo ifdown enp3s0
```

# here you’re loosing your SSH session obviously
# see troubbleshooting if static IP not working
# reboot system
# and start the NEW SSH SESSION WITH YOUR NEW STATIC IP! 😉

TROUBLESHOOTING: GENERAL

May 14, 2003October 26, 2022 Linux Audio Team

# TS6

# if MPD doesn’t start type this to get its status

```
$ sudo systemctl status mpd
```

# if the error is related to /libavcodec.so.58: undefined symbol: bcm_host_is_fkms_active
# reinstall libraspberrypi0 pkg

$ sudo apt install --reinstall libraspberrypi0

```
$ sudo reboot
```

# NANO return this error (on Armbian / Debian):

Unable to create directory /root/.local/share/nano/: No such file or directory It is required for saving/loading search history or cursor positions.

# check if nano cmd is available using:

```
sudo /bin/nano .bashrc
```

# if nano opens the file then you simply need to create the /root/.local/share/nano/ directories
# you can confirm the issue by using:

```
sudo ls -l /root/.local/
```

# UPGRADE or DOWNGRADE YOUR KERNEL

# IMPORTANT:
# All information below is for Raspberry PI platform only, does not apply to other devices

# go to
https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-firmware/commits/master

# get the sha1 of the kernel
# for example: 4.19.118-v7 e1050e94821a70b2e4c72b318d6c6c968552e9a2

# then to install this old kernel 4.19.118-v7+ enter:

$ sudo rpi-install e1050e94821a70b2e4c72b318d6c6c968552e9a2

```
$ sudo reboot
```

# install pkg ends with error:
# “Failed to start The PHP 7.3 FastCGI Process Manager”
# type the cmd below to create the missing directory:

```
$ sudo mkdir /var/run/php
```

TROUBLESHOOTING: Raspberry PI 3B+

May 14, 2003June 1, 2021 Linux Audio Team

# IMPORTANT FOR RASPBERRY PI OWNERS:
# It’s strongly recommended to create your audio server on Raspberry PI 4 2Go
# The raspberry pi 3 share the same controller with USB and Ethernet which is not good for an audiophile server
# do not expect to use native DSD with RPI 3 using an usb dac…

# ALL INFORMATION BELOW ARE FOR RPI 3B + ONLY, does not apply to other devices

# Apply patch one by one in this order, reboot and check before

# TS1

# APPLY IF NEEDED ONLY (sound drop/loss)

# Ethernet drops Fix (Recommended for Raspberry PI 3B+ only do not apply to RPI 4)
# identify the name of your Ethernet connection (usually eth0 or enp3s0)

```
$ ip a
```

# edit rc.local to run a cmd at startup

```
$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local
```

# enter this cmd below to optimize your ethernet connection
# see the Tips & Tricks section to install ethtool (sudo apt-get install ethtool) if needed
# add this line at end of rc.local

$ sudo ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full

# CTRL+O to save
# CTRL+X to exit

```
$ sudo reboot
```

# TS2

# APPLY IF NEEDED ONLY

# optimize perf for Raspberry PI 3B+ – cpu gouvernor (not recommended for PI4)

# check cpu governor

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor

# set to “performance” at startup

$ sudo mv /etc/init.d/raspi-config /etc/init.d/raspi-config.bak

```
$ sudo nano /etc/init.d/raspi-config
```

# copy/paste this script

#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: raspi-config
# Required-Start: udev mountkernfs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: S 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Switch to performance/ondemand cpu governor based on shift key pressed.
# Description:
### END INIT INFO
 
# . /lib/lsb/init-functions
 
case "$1" in
start)
log_daemon_msg "Checking if shift key is held down..."
SYS_CPUFREQ_GOVERNOR=/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
if [ -x /usr/sbin/thd ] &amp;&amp; timeout 1 thd --dump /dev/input/event* | grep -q "LEFTSHIFT\|RIGHTSHIFT"; then
printf "Yes. Switching to ondemand scaling governor."
if [ -e $SYS_CPUFREQ_GOVERNOR ]; then
echo "ondemand" &gt; $SYS_CPUFREQ_GOVERNOR
echo 50 &gt; /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ondemand/up_threshold
echo 100000 &gt; /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_rate
echo 50 &gt; /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_down_factor
fi
log_end_msg 0
else
printf "No. Switching to performance scaling governor."
if [ -e $SYS_CPUFREQ_GOVERNOR ]; then
echo "performance" &gt; $SYS_CPUFREQ_GOVERNOR
fi
log_end_msg 0
fi
;;
stop)
;;
restart)
;;
force-reload)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 start" &gt;&amp;2
exit 3
;;
esac

# CTRL+O to save
# CTRL+X to exit

# set permission to exec

$ sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/raspi-config

```
$ sudo reboot
```

# type to check:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor

# result must be:

# performance

# TS3

# APPLY IF NEEDED ONLY

# USB dropped frames Fix (not recommended for PI 4)

```
$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local
```

# # USB fix

$ sudo sed -i "s/console=serial0,115200/net.ifnames=0 dwc_otg.fiq_enable=1 dwc_otg.fiq_fsm_enable=1 dwc_otg.fiq_fsm_mask=0xF dwc_otg.nak_holdoff=1 console=serial0,115200/" /boot/cmdline.txt

# # revert value

$ sudo sed -i "s/net.ifnames=0 dwc_otg.fiq_enable=1 dwc_otg.fiq_fsm_enable=1 dwc_otg.fiq_fsm_mask=0xF dwc_otg.nak_holdoff=1 //" /boot/cmdline.txt

# CTRL+O to save
# CTRL+X to exit

```
$ sudo reboot
```

Linux Audio Foundation

Foundation Dedicated To Linux Audio Since 2003

Category: Troubleshooting

TROUBLESHOOTING: Boot Fall Into BusyBox (initramfs)

TROUBLESHOOTING: Static IP

TROUBLESHOOTING: GENERAL

TROUBLESHOOTING: Raspberry PI 3B+